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To Every man an answer
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Free Certificate in Apologetics
Required Courses:
Information Theory
Spetner, Lee. Not a Chance! (Brooklyn, NY: The Judaica Press, Inc.) 1997.
Gitt, Werner. In the Beginning was Information (Bielefeld, Germany: CLV) 2000.
Online resources http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/infotheory.asp
Evidence for the Christian Faith
Morris, Henry. Many Infallible Proofs (Green Forest, AK: Master Books) 1996.
Online resources http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/apologetics.asp
Refuting Evolution
Sarfati, Jonathon. Refuting Evolution (Green Forest, AK: Master Books) 1999.
Sarfati, Jonathon. Refuting Evolution 2 (Green Forest, AK: Master Books) 2002.
Online resources http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/selection.asp
Cosmology
Humphreys, Russell D. Starlight and Time (Green Forest, AK: Master Books) 1994.
Humphreys, Russell D. Starlight and Time Video (AnswersMedia)
Online resources http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/astronomy.asp
Relevance of Creation
Ham, Ken. The Lie: Evolution (Green Forest, AK: Master Books) 1987.
Parker, Gary. Creation: Facts of Life (Green Forest, AK: Master Books) 1994.
Online resources http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/creation-matters.asp
Astronomy and the Bible
DeYoung, Donald. Astronomy and the Bible (Grand Rapids, MN: Baker Books) 1989.
Mulfinger, Jr., George. Design and Origins in Astronomy (St. Joseph, MO: Creation Research Society Books) 1983.
DeYoung, Donald. Astronomy and Creation (Ashland, OH: Creation Research Society Books) 1995.
Online resources http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/astronomy.asp
Intelligent Design
Gillen, Alan. Body by Design (Green Forest, AK: Master Books) 2001.
Burgess, Stuart. Hallmarks of Design (Surrey, England: Day One Publications) 2000.
Gillen, Alan., Sherwin III, Frank., Knowles, Alan. The Human Body: An Intelligent Design (St. Joseph, MO: Creation Research Society Books) 2001.
Online resources http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/design.asp
Creationism
Morris, Henry. Biblical Creationism (Green Forest, AK: Master Books) 1993.
Morris, Henry. Scientific Creationism (Green Forest, AK: Master Books) 1974.
Online resources http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/qa.asp
Creation Seminar
Ham, Ken. The Answers in Genesis Seminar Series (Florence, KY: Answers in Genesis Ministries).
Hovind, Kent. Creation Seminar Online (Pensacola, FL: Creation Science Evangelism) http://www.drdino.com/cse.asp?pg=real_video
Online resources http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/qa.asp
Creation Apologetics
Ham, Ken., Sarfati, Jonathon., Wieland, Carl. Ed. by Don Batten. The Answers Book (Green Forest, AK: Master Books) 1990.
Online resources http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/qa.asp
Recommended Resources
Creation CD-ROM (Answers Media) A shattering critique of the PBS/NOVA Evolution series. Over 350 pages of powerful creation information, 40 minutes of video content, the complete book Refuting Evolution, and over 3 hours of audio messages.
Project 3:15 CD-ROM (Answers Media) With hundreds of pages of articles, over 10 hours of audio files, the complete video The Image of God, and the entire book Refuting Evolution 2, this multimedia product effectively equips you to answer timely questions about Creation.
Henry M. Morris The Biblical Basis for Modern Science (Baker Book House, 1986)
Internet Sites
Creation Science Evangelism
www.drdino.com
Online Articles http://www.drdino.com/cse.asp?pg=articles Answers In Genesis
www.answersingenesis.org Creation Research Society
www.creationresearch.org Christian Answers
www.christiananswers.net/creation/ Institute for Creation Research
www.icr.org
ICR Research Papers http://www.icr.org/research/
Creation Science Movement
www.creationsciencemovement.com Creation Research, Science Education Foundation
www.worldbydesign.org The Revolution Against Evolution
www.rae.org Creation-Evolution Encyclopedia
www.pathlights.com/ce_encyclopedia/ The Young Earth Creation Club
www.creationists.org The ARK Foundation
www.arky.org Creation-Science Research Center
www.parentcompany.com/csrc/ Origins - Intelligent design and philosophical theism
www.origins.org Creation Research
www.creationresearch.net Creation Resource Foundation
www.awesomeworks.com The Creation Resources Trust
www.c-r-t.co.uk Creation Science
http://emporium.turnpike.net/C/cs/ Creation Illustrated Magazine
www.creationillustrated.com Center for Scientific Creation
www.creationscience.com Creation Moments
www.creationmoments.com Creationism & the Early Church
www.robibrad.demon.co.uk The Creation Science Association for Mid-America
www.csama.org Geoscience Research Institute
www.grisda.org Creation Evidence http://www.creationevidence.org/cemframes.html Associates for Biblical Research
www.christiananswers.net/abr/abrhome.html Scientific Evidence for Creation
www.bible.ca/tracks.htm A Creation Perspective
www.cs.unc.edu/~plaisted/ce/
FINAL PAPER GUIDELINES
The writing of a Bachelor's level paper for Scofield Graduate School & Theological Seminary provides each student with the opportunity to produce, in written form, a document, which provides evidence that new learning, has taken place. It further provides the student with the opportunity of expanding that new knowledge through the use of outside source material.
LENGTH- 40 pages The minimum number of written pages does not include the Title Page, Dedication Page (if used), Table of Contents, Endnotes or Footnotes, or Bibliography. In addition, if you quote scripture and write them out, they also do not count toward the number of pages written/required. MARGINS A Margin of 1 ½ inch is required on the left hand side. Margins of 1” on top, bottom, and right hand side are required. FONT
The preferred font is Arial 12 point. You may also use Times Roman 12 point. Under no circumstances may larger fonts be used EXCEPT in headers, section breaks, etc. It is also forbidden to use a font SMALLER than 12 point except for footnotes or endnotes. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES MAY YOU USE A FONT OTHER THAN TIMES ROMAN OR ARIAL UNLESS YOU HAVE THE PRIOR PERMISSION OF THE ACADEMIC COUNSEL.
PAGE NUMBERING Page numbers must be in the right corner at the top or bottom of the page. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES (Please see examples at the end of the Guide.) Undergraduate students must cite at least 20 outside sources. Graduate students must cite at least 25 outside sources. LAYOUT AND DESIGN OF YOUR THESIS
1. Title Page 2. Dedication Page (if used) 3. Table of Contents 4. Body of Work 5. Conclusion 6. Appendices (if any are used) 7. Endnotes (if used) 8. Bibliography
SAMPLE TITLE PAGE (USE CAPITAL LETTERS FOR ALL ENTRIES)
(Scroll down 10 spaces from the top of the page)
THIS IS A SAMPLE TITLE PAGE 5 SPACES A THESIS(2 SPACES)PRESENTED TO(2 SPACES)THE NAME OF YOUR MENTOR(2 SPACES)GOLDEN STATE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY(2 SPACES)
(3 SPACES) IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT (2 SPACES)OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR (2 SPACES)NAME OF THE CERTIFICATE BEING EARNED(3 SPACES) BY(2 SPACES)JOHN Q. STUDENTSTUDENT NUMBER(2 SPACES)DATE ON WHICH THE WORK WAS SUBMITTED TO THE MENTOR(SEE NEXT PAGE FOR SAMPLE) JESUS, THE ROOT OF ALL BELIEF(ALWAYS CAPITALIZE THE TITLE OF YOUR THESIS) A RESEARCH PAPER PRESENTED TO MENTOR Scofield Graduate School & Theological Seminary
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE NAME OF THE CERTIFICATE BEING EARNED By John Q. Student777777 July 6, 2010
FOOTNOTES, ENDNOTES, QUOTATIONS, AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
One of the reasons why it was important to document the sources of your notes for your research paper is that many if not most of them are going to reappear in your finished product. First of all, it is necessary to determine what information you need to document. Facts that are generally known do not need to be documented, such as the dates of the Second World War, the distances between the earth, moon, and sun, and the birthplace of a president. "Facts that are generally known" does not mean that you should be expected to know all of them without looking them up. They are merely widely available in general reference sources. What you do need to document is material that reflects opinions and theories rather than commonly accepted facts. Information that appears to be factual should be documented if it rests on opinion, like fossil dating or satellite flight photographs. Any statistics or information from behavioral scientists should be documented. The methods that they use to collect their data have not always been valid, and their interpretations have often been used to justify racism and sexism. Facts that are probably true but that may be known only to a small number of scholars or investigators should be documented. Especially if they represent findings from experiments that involved only a small sampling of subjects, they may or may not be true. There are several standard formats for preparing research Thesis and bibliographies. The three most widely used formats are the American Psychological Association (APA), the Modern Language Association (MLA), and the Chicago style (named for the University of Chicago). Examination of the different varieties suggests that they all have merit, but that the Chicago style seems the best to use for most types of research. Consequently, the Golden State School of Theology format has been adapted to a large extent from the Chicago style whenever applicable. Bibliographic form is intended to conform in most respects to the National Information Standards Organization Standards for Bibliographic References, NISO Z39.29.1977, which have been approved by 55 institutions and organizations.
A. Footnotes and Endnotes.
Footnotes are the documentation for the notes that you have taken as they appear in the course of your report or paper. Traditionally footnotes have been placed at the foot, or bottom, of each page. However, for several reasons footnotes are now changing form and location. Footnotes at the bottom of a page have the advantage of providing immediate access to the sources quoted or paraphrased. On the other hand, footnotes can be distracting, since it is difficult to avoid looking at the bottom of the page when they are present, whether you want to read them or not. Footnotes are utterly frustrating to the typist, because as you type you have to be constantly aware of how much space you will need to leave at the bottom of the page. Furthermore, the growing use of word processing formats is fostering change, because some formatting programs make footnoting difficult if not impossible. In the Bibliographical/Footnote Method, you place a superscripted number (written above the line) at the end of your text (quote or reference) and the bibliographical reference is at the bottom of the same page. At the end of your paper, all the references are listed alphabetically or by type of material, in a slightly different form. In the Reference Cited Method, or Parenthetical Reference, a number is assigned to each item in the bibliography. Instead of using a footnote, you document your writing by using the reference number from the bibliography and the page number of the reference in parentheses right after the information you cite. Example: (6:5); (10:100_115). The Endnote Method is just like the Footnote Method except that the information for each reference number is not placed at the bottom of each page but is grouped with the other references at the end of each chapter or at the end of the whole paper. If you are composing Thesis for courses on the undergraduate level, you will frequently be allowed to use the Reference Cited Method or the Endnote Method. However, particularly in graduate seminary programs (ministry research projects, theses, and dissertations), the traditional footnotes should be retained. One of the reasons for this system is the practice of putting theses or dissertations on microfilm by University Microfilms International. Although theses are frequently transferred to paper copy for purchase, they are usually borrowed and read in microfilm edition by means of a microfilm reader, which makes it very difficult to switch back and forth from a page to the end of a chapter. Footnotes are usually indented five spaces from the left margin, just like paragraphs. They are single-spaced and separated by a double space. The main differences between a footnote and a bibliographic reference are that footnote elements are separated by commas, while bibliographic reference elements are separated by periods; the footnote lists the exact page or pages of the quote or information cited, while the bibliographic reference does not list page numbers because it includes the whole book or article. Endnotes are usually double-spaced and will be used in all Thesiss. They will be listed at the end of the paper on a page titled “Endnotes”. Footnotes will be used in dissertations and theses. SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS POWER BIBLE CD.
The AATI software CD's contains many volumes that you, as a AATI student, can access and quote from. Each publication is a published work and must be treated as such. Sources used from this CD must be cited. Since there are many documents that can be quoted from, we provide the following guidelines that give credit where credit is due and consistent with most manuals on writing. The first resource cited, you will cite both the source and the CD. When a second source is cited, you will modify the endnote/footnote by giving the source's information and completing the endnote/footnote with “in PowerBible CD. The following are examples of Endnotes citing from the PowerBible CD.
1. Albert Barnes, Albert Barnes' Commentary on the Bible [Public Domain] in Power BibleCD, [CD-Rom]V3.0, John Gilbertson, ed., Bronson: Online Publishing, 1999-2001. 2. Matthew Henry, Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole Bible [Public Domain] in Power BibleCD.
The above format can be used for other CD-Rom based reference libraries. One notes that page numbers are missing. Many electronic documents do not have page numbers. If you have two or more footnotes or endnotes in a row that refer to the same book or article, use the word "Ibid." (an abbreviation of the Latin ibidem, "the same,” followed by the page number(s) of the other quote or quotes if they are different.
In older books you may find footnotes with the words op.cit. and loc. cit. to indicate references to previously cited authors and books. If the author only has one work cited, than only the name and page number is necessary. Examples:
X. Martin, Pilgrims, 235-236. XX. Turabian, 73.
For references from the PowerBible CD, then only the name will be used if there is no page number. For those entries where this is more than one source by the same author, then the author's name, brief title, and page number is required. Some reference styles prefer "p." and "pp." before page numbers in a footnote or endnote, while some prefer using the number(s) alone. AATI requires the use of numbers alone. The use of "f." for "the following page" or "ff." for "following pages" is becoming less common than simply listing the exact page reference(s) and is not used by AATI. ”Passim,” meaning "here and there" is a way to refer to information scattered throughout numerous pages of a text, for example an entire chapter. It is a term best used sparingly. If you were trying to check on a reference in a paper you would hope that "passim" meant what it said and really justified looking up the article in question.
B. Quotations.
In normal writing of the paper, you will give credit to the ideas presented to the authors and other sources. The item is given a superscripted number and the citation entered in either an endnote or footnote. There are times when a direct quotation is preferred. The direct quotation may be given because the person says “it best.” Direct quotes may be used to support a point, used to give a contrasting point or opinion, or provide direct facts. A quote may also be used to illustrate a point being made. It may help in concluding a matter. It may be used to provide a change in direction. Short quotations are generally those less than three lines in length. When making a quote, you must copy the exact sentence or fragment word-for-word. Should there be a grammatical error or the text is an older form of English, the writer should put in the Latin word “sic” in brackets after the error. The end of the quote will have a superscripted number for the endnote/footnote. Example:
“The gardener prun'd [sic] the tree branches …”x
Short quotations will begin and end with the standard double quotation marks “”. If the quotation has a quotation within it, the writer will substitute the internal double quotation marks for single quotation marks. Example:
“The wise man observed the situation and said, ‘This is a sign from God.'”x
Block quotations follow a different format. The text will be indented half an inch from the normal margins. The text will be single-spaced. Double quotations will not be used for the beginning and end of the text. The end of the quotation will have the superscripted number for the endnote/footnote. Example:
Periods and commas should be placed inside quotation marks (even when the quotation marks enclose only one letter or figure); semicolons and colons go outside. Question marks and exclamation points should be placed outside quotation marks unless the question or exclamation is part of the quotation.
Scripture quotations require similar treatments. There will be no footnote or endnote enumeration. The text will end with a scripture reference in parenthesis. The student will use abbreviations for Scripture references when possible. Examples of abbreviations: Genesis – Gen. Exodus – Ex. 1 John – 1 Jn. Examples of quotations from the Bible are: Short quotations of scripture will begin and end with double quotation marks. The verse reference will follow. If the quotation is the end of the sentence, it will end with a period.
“For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life” (John 3:16).
Long sections of scripture will be block quoted. You will follow the same rules for block quotes when quoted verses that are three lines or longer in length. Example:
And we urge you, brethren, to recognize those who labor among you, and are over you in the Lord and admonish you, and to esteem them very highly in love for their work's sake. Be at peace among yourselves. Now we exhort you, brethren, warn those who are unruly, comfort the fainthearted, uphold the weak, be patient with all. See that no one renders evil for evil to anyone, but always pursue what is good both for yourselves and for all. Rejoice always, pray without ceasing, in everything give thanks; for this is the will of God in Christ Jesus for you. Do not quench the Spirit. Do not despise prophecies. Test all things; hold fast what is good. Abstain from every form of evil. (1 Thes. 5:12-22)
The first time you use a scripture from the Holy Bible is used, you will also provide the translation (abbreviated) in the parenthesis. For unity purposes, the student will provide an explanation in the endnote/footnote. Examples:
Scripture Quotation: “And we know that all things work together for good to them that love God, to them who are the called according to his purpose” (Ro. 8:28, KJV)X Corresponding Endnote: X. The King James Version (KJV) will be used throughout this Thesis unless otherwise indicated.
Whenever other translations are used, indicate the translation by appropriate abbreviation with the scriptural reference: (Gen. 1:1, NASB), (Ex. 4:2, NIV), (Acts 1:8, NKJV), (1 Cor. 12:1-5, NLT). Please ensure that all translations are included in the Selected Bibliography. When including direction quotations, you may be led to emphasize certain words or phrases in the quote. Most manuals on writing give the writer leeway in using a variety of methods (ALL CAPS, bold, italics, underlining, etc.). When you include a quotation and desire to make an emphasis by such methods, include a statement in brackets after the quote as follows:
“Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword?” (Ro. 8:35) [Emphasis added].
C. Bibliography.
The sources from which you will have drawn your notes will make up the selected bibliography at the end of your Thesis. For a short Thesis you will probably be able to list all your sources together, alphabetically by last name of the author (or title if no author is named). For a thesis or dissertation you may want to separate your references by category, for example, books, articles, and other sources. Usually you should not list a reference unless you have used it at least once in your Thesis. Listing items that you have not seen personally is not honest, with the following possible exception: an article of book that you are unable to obtain but have viewed in abstract form (printed or on-line). Most of the materials in your bibliography will fall into the following categories. Most exceptions to these rules are covered in more detailed style manuals such as that of Turabian. |
